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The DBMS_SHARED_POOL package enables you to find out the size of the stored PL/SQL objects and either pin them in or unpin them from the shared pool. The package is especially useful when you re trying to invoke large PL/SQL objects and you can t increase your shared pool size by much right away. The introduction of a large package may push a large number of necessary packages out of the shared pool. Or you may even have a problem loading the large package into the shared pool because there s no large contiguous area of shared pool available, due to excessive fragmentation of the pool. In both cases, you can use this package to use your shared pool memory area more efficiently. The DBMS_SHARED_POOL package isn t automatically created along with the other Oraclesupplied packages when you run the catproc.sql script after creating a new database. To create the DBMS_SHARED_POOL package, you must run the dbmspool.sql script (as SYS), as shown here: SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/dbmspool.sql Package created. Grant succeeded. View created. Package body created. SQL> Listing 24-20 describes the procedures in the DBMS_SHARED_POOL package. Listing 24-20. The DBMS_SHARED_POOL Package SQL> DESC DBMS_SHARED_POOL Argument Name Type In/Out Default ------------------------------ ----------------------- ------ -------PROCEDURE ABORTED _REQUEST_THRESHOLD THRESHOLD_SIZE NUMBER IN PROCEDURE KEEP NAME VARCHAR2 IN FLAG CHAR IN DEFAULT PROCEDURE SIZES MINSIZE NUMBER IN PROCEDURE UNKEEP NAME VARCHAR2 IN FLAG CHAR IN DEFAULT SQL> If you re having a problem with shared pool fragmentation, you should consider pinning almost all the commonly used stored procedures and packages in the shared pool upon starting

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the instance. Pinning packages in the shared pool reduces fragmentation in the shared pool, and consequently keeps the pool from running out of space when a new object is trying to enter it.

In Oracle Database 10g, you can use the new V$SGA_TARGET_ADVICE view to get recommendations about the right size for the SGA_TARGET initialization parameter. A simple SQL query such as SELECT * FROM V$SGA_TARGET_ADVICE immediately reveals the estimated DB time and the amount of physical reads for a range of SGA_TARGET values, both above and below the current size. You can thus examine the potential tradeoff between the DB time metric and the SGA_TARGET setting.

Now we start looping through each of the configured directories to check the file counts. First sed swaps colons with spaces in the configuration entry; then the set command assigns, to each of the positional parameters $1 through $4, the corresponding element of the output, which consists of the items in the original colon-separated fields. Once the fields are assigned to the variables, the script determines the number of files in the directory.

The following code shows how to use the DBMS_SHARED_POOL package to pin and unpin packages in the shared pool component of the SGA: SQL> EXECUTE DBMS_SHARED_POOL.KEEP('QS_ADM.QS_APPLICATIONS','P'); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> EXECUTE DBMS_SHARED_POOL.UNKEEP('QS_ADM.QS_APPLICATIONS','P'); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL> You can query the V$DB_OBJECT_CACHE view to see if the object is indeed pinned, as shown in the following query: SQL> 2 3 4 SELECT name, type, kept FROM v$db_object_cache WHERE owner='QS_ADM'; Name Type ----------------------------------QS_APPLICATIONS PACKAGE QS_APPLICATIONS PACKAGE BODY ORDER_TYP NOT LOADED ORDERITEMLIST_VARTYP NOT LOADED SQL>

The SIZES procedure gives you the size (in bytes) of all the packages that are larger than a threshold you specify. You can use this procedure to decide which procedures you may want to pin to the shared pool. Here s an example of the use of the SIZES procedure: SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON SQL> EXECUTE DBMS_SHARED_POOL.SIZES(8000); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. SQL>

A set of permissions can be used to define a restricted environment for an assembly Such a restricted environment specifies how that particular assembly can use types from managed libraries to access security-relevant resources A restricted environment valid for an assembly is sometimes called a sandbox in which an assembly executes If an assembly that has only the FileIOPermission to read the info directory tries to read the root directory, a System::Security::SecurityException will be thrown by the FileStream class Each assembly loaded by an application can be executed in its own sandbox of CAS permissions Since permissions are granted to types, type safety is a prerequisite for CAS If you were able to perform an illegal type cast, for example, it would be easy to bypass the security system To avoid bypassing CAS in this way, IL code can be verified for type safety.

You can use the Oracle Workspace Manager facility to manage long transactions. The Workspace Manager lets you version the database (that is, hold multiple versions of the database in various workspaces). The DBMS_WM package lets you create and manage the workspaces needed for database versioning.